All of the scientific articles correlating auroras and barometric pressure were behind paywalls. :/ Without the actual articles, I can only point to the correlation between low pressure at the poles (polar vortex) and the areas where auroras frequent.
The polar vortex is a large area of
low pressure and cold air surrounding both of the Earth’s poles.
What is the Polar Vortex?
more about understanding the polar vortex
The polar vortex doesn’t always influence winter weather in the mid-latitudes. When it does, however, the effects can be extreme. When the polar vortex is especially strong, for example, the polar jet steam tends to stay farther north and to exhibit a more zonal flow, with less meandering. At the surface, this stable stratospheric state is often associated with an even colder than usual Arctic, and milder-than-usual weather in the mid-latitudes. The Arctic Oscillation, which tracks hemisphere-scale wind and air pressure patterns, is often positive.
At the other extreme, the polar vortex is occasionally knocked off kilter when especially strong atmospheric waves in the troposphere break upward into the stratosphere. The vortex slows, and it may wobble, slide off the pole, split into several lobes, or—in the most extreme cases—temporarily reverse direction. Regardless of their “flavor,” these disruptions have one thing in common: a spike in polar stratosphere temperatures, which is why they’re called sudden stratospheric warmings.
In the weeks following the stratospheric upheaval, the polar jet stream will often develop a wavy shape, with deep troughs and steep ridges that can become nearly stationary for days. The exact nature of the interaction—how the polar jet “feels” the disruption in the polar vortex and why it reacts the way it does—isn’t fully understood. Under the high-pressure ridges, warm air floods north into parts of the Arctic, often driving extreme melt, while polar air fills the low-pressure troughs, bringing wintry conditions farther south than average. The Arctic Oscillation often slips into its negative phase.
Understanding the Arctic polar vortex
Understanding Arctic Oscillation
The AO's positive phase is characterized by lower-than-average air pressure over the Arctic paired with higher-than-average pressure over the northern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. The jet stream is farther north than average under these conditions, and storms can be shifted northward of their usual paths. Thus, the mid-latitudes of North America, Europe, Siberia, and East Asia generally see fewer cold air outbreaks than usual during the positive phase of the AO.
Conversely, AO's negative phase has higher-than-average air pressure over the Arctic region and lower-than-average pressure over the northern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. The jet stream shifts toward the equator under these conditions, so the globe-encircling river of air is south of its average position. Consequently, locations in the mid-latitudes are more likely to experience outbreaks of frigid, polar air during winters when the AO is negative. In New England, for example, higher frequencies of coastal storms known as "Nor'easters" are linked to AO's negative phase.
Climate Variability: Arctic Oscillation
See the part about Zonal flow (less equator to pole mixing) being more prominent during strong polar vortexes. Slow and steady solar winds seem to correlate with a stronger (more stable) polar vortex, whereas higher solar storm activity seems to correlate with less stability in the polar vortex (more chaotic) and more zonal mixing.
Understanding the Arctic polar vortex
Also here is an article discussing the grand solar minimum (Maunder Minimum) and its correlation with the Little Ice Age (extended period of low temperatures,) sse this article. (It does mention the caveat of "correlation does not prove causation" right off the bat.)
https://www.swsc-journal.org/articles/swsc/full_html/2017/01/swsc170014/swsc170014.html
Well, there is a question everyone seems to be avoiding. (Possibly because of its parallels to an electromagnetic pulse??? Because it is not anthropomorphic? Who knows?)
