2)Atmosphere
"It is He who hath created for you all things that are on earth; moreover His design comprehended the heavens for He gave order and perfection to the seven firmaments; (sab'a sama_wa_t(in)) and of all things he hath perfect knowledge"
Surah Al-Baqara Surah 2 Ayah 29
Two words are used for heaven or sky in the Quran: "asma" and "taraiq". One can be translated as firmament (asma) and the other one as heaven (taraiq). Both have a distinguished scientific meaning and implication. The meaning of heaven (taraiq) will be dealt with in Astronomy 2, the meaning of firmament (asama) is being dealt in this chapter.
The seven firmaments are the seven layers of the Earth's atmosphere. According to modern geological definition these are defined as the following: Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere, ionosphere and magnetosphere (Compton's Encyclopaedia), exactly seven in number:
THE SEVEN LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Atmosphere - Role
By the Firmament (sama_wa_t(in)) which returns
Surah At-Tariq Surah 86 Ayah 11
The seven layers themselves, being gaseous compounds, are returned to the Earth permanently and are kept back from evaporation by the gravity of the Earth:
So the firmament returns itself due to its mass in the gravitational field of the Earth. It also reflects back hazardous material and waves into the universe and other essential substances back to the Earth. Only a small percentage is let through, like the 2% UV from the sun, which is the vehicle of photosynthesis and necessary for us to be able to breathe in the first place. An oath worth swearing as in S 86: A11.
Only the very Creator of the Earth can have sworn this oath since it was written down 1350 years ago. Neither did methods for the measurement of atmospheric refraction exist in those times nor were there any satellites for taking infrared pictures of the layers of the atmosphere. Neither were there balloons with thermometers and signal transmission which are a basic necessity for measuring changes in the atmosphere. These were not invented for at least another 1000 years.
THE EARTH'S MAGNETFIELD IS THE HIGHEST LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND REACHES FAR INTO THE SOLAR SYSTEM, PERMANENTLY REFLECTING UNCOUNTABLE PARTICLES. IT IS CAUSED BY THE OPPOSITE ROTATION OF THE EARTH'S INTERIOR (G 2)