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God, Free-will, and the knowledge of God - Is his knowledge causation?

firedragon

Veteran Member
"Causal determinism is, roughly speaking, the idea that every event is necessitated by antecedent events and conditions together with the laws of nature." Causal Determinism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
Very good. Not just knowledge of a 4D being. You just refuted yourself.

Everything other than these cut and pastes you say are just retorts, not arguments. So thank you for engaging. This is the end of the conversation.

Peace.
 

LuisDantas

Aura of atheification
Premium Member
"Free will" is not a functional idea. It is just an attempt at obfuscating a contradiction that comes with some conceptions of divinity, mostly those of an Abrahamic bent.

It is not something that anyone should spend much time with.
 

Koldo

Outstanding Member
Again what is your definition.
If underlying physics is stochastic, then indeed even with exactly same initial conditions, different actions and decisions can occur. That is we can do or will "otherwise". That is one definition of free will.

But is willing or acting otherwise as a mere consequence of randomness sufficient to establish free will? I genuinely don't think it is for multiple different reasons, let me know if you think differently.
 

Koldo

Outstanding Member
Very good. Not just knowledge of a 4D being. You just refuted yourself.

Everything other than these cut and pastes you say are just retorts, not arguments. So thank you for engaging. This is the end of the conversation.

Peace.

I am genuinely bemused by your post. I have absolutely no idea how you see that quote as contradicting anything I have stated. I wonder if my speech became too complex to be understood by people that are not well-versed in philosophy. I always took pride in being able to explain complex things in simpler terms. I ought to reevaluate that.
 

Alien826

No religious beliefs
Actually, if you could travel back in time, it would be trivial to figure this out. You would only need to observe how others behaved in the short-term. This would entail something akin to locking yourself in your bedroom to avoid bringing interference and watching the news. Do you notice any change? If not, determinism is what we got.

Where's your platform from which you are observing this? I don't see anywhere you could be and observe with the level of accuracy that you need. Determinism, as I understand it, suggests that everything is determined, right down to the movements of individual atoms. It has to be otherwise the "future" would kind of drift off from the (supposedly) predetermined path. In fictional time travel, we travel back or forward through a "higher" dimension which either gives us the ability to observe the 3D universe or to step out of the time machine and be part of it. Both versions suppose an existing "past" with which we can interact and (sometimes) a similar future. Both seem to use a similar idea as the OP, where we play the part of God, and past and future events exist in a time dimension that is similar to a spacial dimension.

There are a number of problems with that, imo. First, as time progresses matter has to be created to form the new reality. Existing matter can't be reused, as it needs to stay there to form the "past". Where does all this matter come from? I'm not even going to try to imagine how the future would work. Another problem is the old one of paradoxes, but extended to all changes made by the time traveler in the past or future. Any change made (even the slightest) either involve a ripple effect into the future or an apparently uncaused change.

More likely (just my own view) only the present actually exists. The past has gone and is only knowable through records (memories and history books) and the future doesn't exist. That tends to make the higher dimension ideas just that, ideas.
 

firedragon

Veteran Member
I have absolutely no idea how you see that quote as contradicting anything I have stated.
Brother. Think about it. Your whole thesis has been that "knowledge is determinism". But your cut and paste says absolutely otherwise. It's not a contradiction. They are absolutely two different things. One is a source you provided, and the other is your own thesis unsupported by your own source.

So you must understand what a contradiction is. A contradiction is "A but not A". Two different things means "One says A, one says B". And out of the only one could have substance. Your source speaks of a completely different thing while you are speaking of a completely different thing altogether.

I don't know man what else to say. I just hope you understand.

Cheers.
 

Koldo

Outstanding Member
Where's your platform from which you are observing this? I don't see anywhere you could be and observe with the level of accuracy that you need. Determinism, as I understand it, suggests that everything is determined, right down to the movements of individual atoms. It has to be otherwise the "future" would kind of drift off from the (supposedly) predetermined path. In fictional time travel, we travel back or forward through a "higher" dimension which either gives us the ability to observe the 3D universe or to step out of the time machine and be part of it. Both versions suppose an existing "past" with which we can interact and (sometimes) a similar future. Both seem to use a similar idea as the OP, where we play the part of God, and past and future events exist in a time dimension that is similar to a spacial dimension.

There are a number of problems with that, imo. First, as time progresses matter has to be created to form the new reality. Existing matter can't be reused, as it needs to stay there to form the "past". Where does all this matter come from? I'm not even going to try to imagine how the future would work.

This is why I started with: "Actually, if you could travel back in time,(...)". That's a huge IF.

Another problem is the old one of paradoxes, but extended to all changes made by the time traveler in the past or future. Any change made (even the slightest) either involve a ripple effect into the future or an apparently uncaused change.

This is why I mentioned the time traveller locking himself up in his bedroom. Ideally he would have in the original timeline also locked himself up in his bedroom. Also why I mentioned observing short-term behavior. The more time spent doing something different, the bigger of an effect this will have on the outcomes.

More likely (just my own view) only the present actually exists. The past has gone and is only knowable through records (memories and history books) and the future doesn't exist. That tends to make the higher dimension ideas just that, ideas.

I agree.
 

sayak83

Veteran Member
Staff member
Premium Member
But is willing or acting otherwise as a mere consequence of randomness sufficient to establish free will? I genuinely don't think it is for multiple different reasons, let me know if you think differently.
I think the word free will is poorly conceived. I prefer the word "self-will". Whether I am acting in accordance to how I am willing and thinking.
 

Koldo

Outstanding Member
Brother. Think about it. Your whole thesis has been that "knowledge is determinism". But your cut and paste says absolutely otherwise. It's not a contradiction. They are absolutely two different things. One is a source you provided, and the other is your own thesis unsupported by your own source.

So you must understand what a contradiction is. A contradiction is "A but not A". Two different things means "One says A, one says B". And out of the only one could have substance. Your source speaks of a completely different thing while you are speaking of a completely different thing altogether.

I don't know man what else to say. I just hope you understand.

Cheers.

I have never said that knowledge is determinism. You simplified my position so much that you have turned it into something else entirely.

If you had clarified that you wanted a reference to the relationship between knowledge of the future and determinism, I would have provided a famous quote of Laplace's work:

"We ought then to regard the present state of the universe as the effect of its anterior state and as the cause of the one which is to follow. Given for one instant an intelligence which could comprehend all the forces by which nature is animated and the respective situation of the beings who compose it—an intelligence sufficiently vast to submit these data to analysis—it would embrace in the same formula the movements of the greatest bodies of the universe and those of the lightest atom; for it, nothing would be uncertain and the future, as the past, would be present to its eyes."

A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities/Chapter 2 - Wikisource, the free online library
 

firedragon

Veteran Member
I have never said that knowledge is determinism. You simplified my position so much that you have turned it into something else entirely.

If you had clarified that you wanted a reference to the relationship between knowledge of the future and determinism, I would have provided a famous quote of Laplace's work:

"We ought then to regard the present state of the universe as the effect of its anterior state and as the cause of the one which is to follow. Given for one instant an intelligence which could comprehend all the forces by which nature is animated and the respective situation of the beings who compose it—an intelligence sufficiently vast to submit these data to analysis—it would embrace in the same formula the movements of the greatest bodies of the universe and those of the lightest atom; for it, nothing would be uncertain and the future, as the past, would be present to its eyes."

A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities/Chapter 2 - Wikisource, the free online library
Ciao.
 

It Aint Necessarily So

Veteran Member
Premium Member
Actually, if you could travel back in time, it would be trivial to figure this out. You would only need to observe how others behaved in the short-term.
I don't see how. I explained why I think that wouldn't answer the question. We'd need to demonstrate somebody making a different choice the second time around under EXACTLY the same circumstances, with every particle in the same place and moving in the same direction as before.

But think about that. Maybe that's what's happening now. Maybe you have been at this point in time before and you've come back to it to make this test, but being exactly the same person in the same circumstances as last time, you have no memory of having been here, you are unaware that you have gone back in time, you are unaware that you are making a test, and you aren't aware of how things turned out last time. As I see it, one simply can't do the only test that could resolve the problem because he wouldn't know that he was testing anything.
How in the world can knowledge become determinism?
I'm not aware of anybody claiming that "knowledge becomes determinism." What is claimed is that omniscience is only possible in a deterministic world, and if somebody shows us that he knows what is coming next regarding everything, then he is showing us that our world is deterministic and that free will cannot and does not occur in it.

Bottom line: We know that not every aspect of reality is deterministic, especially at the quantum level, but though not being able to predict the universe perfectly would not mean that it is not deterministic, being able to do so - the existence of omniscience - would mean that it is, and that libertarian free will was an illusion.

I don't expect you to try and rebut that. I expect you to change it and disagree with what you have changed it into (straw man), perhaps to the statement I just addressed. Your answer should address those three points: [1] omniscience is only possible in a deterministic world, that [2] if somebody shows us that he knows what is coming next regarding everything then he is showing us that our world is deterministic, and that [3] free will cannot and does not occur in such a world. I predict that you won't either explicitly state that you agree with each of these or give a counterargument to any with which you disagree (dialectic). Whatever it is that you choose to write, it won't be that. It will be a straw man argument.

I would love to be wrong, and to see you succeed. I'd love to see you engage me that way. It would be an interesting discussion for me, and I would hope for you as well.

But that almost never happens in these discussions. Try as one might to be clear about what is being requested, it just virtually never starts happening following a request such as this one. In my experience, nobody suddenly begins engaging what is actually written because they were asked to do so.
Give me a philosophically trained Atheist scholar who makes the same argument you are making. That knowledge of the timeline means determinism.
Just Google "incompatibilist philosophers" and find out which are atheists. Here's one:

Peter van Inwagen - Wikipedia

You must have a reason for pursuing this line of inquiry, but you haven't stated it, and I can't guess what it is. Is this an implied ad vercundium or ad populum argument?
 

Koldo

Outstanding Member
I don't see how. I explained why I think that wouldn't answer the question. We'd need to demonstrate somebody making a different choice the second time around under EXACTLY the same circumstances, with every particle in the same place and moving in the same direction as before.

I find that to be unnecessary. It is way too rigorous.


But think about that. Maybe that's what's happening now. Maybe you have been at this point in time before and you've come back to it to make this test, but being exactly the same person in the same circumstances as last time, you have no memory of having been here, you are unaware that you have gone back in time, you are unaware that you are making a test, and you aren't aware of how things turned out last time. As I see it, one simply can't do the only test that could resolve the problem because he wouldn't know that he was testing anything.

What if the time traveler retains his memories though? Obviously he can't check whether his own choices would be the same, but he can check others'.
 

Trailblazer

Veteran Member
How? I have a feeling that you are using a different definition of "determinism" or of "perfect knowledge" than I do.
Or your motivated reasoning prevents you from seeing the contradiction, i.e. you being not rational.
Why would a God who has perfect foreknowledge of what our choices will be prevent us from making choices?
What is the contradiction?
Bring an example how a foreknown decision can be free, i.e. how decision A and !A can both be compatible with an omniscient entity having predicted A.
You are violating the law of non-contradiction, one of the most basic laws of logic - and you don't seem to be aware of it.
Explain why a foreknown decision cannot be a free decision.
I am not violating any laws of logic.
You are claiming that a foreknown decision cannot be free. Now explain why a foreknown decision cannot be free.

Here is an example.

Johnny gets up in the morning and looks in his closet trying to decide what color shirt he will wear today.
There is red shirt and a blue shirt in his closet.
Johnny decides to wear the red shirt.
God knew that Johnny would choose the red shirt because God is all-knowing.

Johnny had a choice and he made a choice, but Johnny could have chosen to wear the blue shirt instead of the red shirt.
If Johnny had chosen to wear the blue shirt God would have known that Johnny would choose to wear the blue shirt because God is all-knowing.

Whatever color of shirt Johnny chooses is the color that God has always known that Johnny would choose to wear but God's knowledge does not prevent Johnny from choosing whatever color he wants to wear.

Why is this so difficult for people to understand?
 

Heyo

Veteran Member
No, what YOU are claiming is absurd. It is absurd to claim that the future is known but that man can freely make choices at the time of action that he could have made otherwise.
I see a pattern that comes up again and again: theistic GREED.
Tell a theist that their god can only have one of two opposite attributes, and they will stomp their feet, put their fingers in their ears and scream "I want, I want, I want."
And that goes up into the highest ranks of their scholars, and often the contradiction is dogma.
I suspect the madness has method. "He who can make you believe absurdities ..."
 

Heyo

Veteran Member
You are wrong. Read his book on it. He is a Compatibilist.
Demanding an interlocutor read a (long, expensive) book, is probably the worst form of sealioning.
Do you want me gone because you have no arguments and you fear mine?
Or are you going to enter in a goodfaith debate, possibly by summarizing Dennett's arguments?
I revere Dennett, but his arguments have to stand on their own. Argumenta ad verecundiam don't help you.
 

firedragon

Veteran Member
Demanding an interlocutor read a (long, expensive) book, is probably the worst form of sealioning.
No problem Heyo. Don't read his book. But don't make conjecture about his philosophy. What you said about him was absolutely false. You earlier said no one with a logical mind will go in the compatibilist route. Well Dennett is one of the most respected Atheist philosophers in the world and he wrote and explained compatibalism. Not only he, but many philosophers have said that determinism and free-will compatible and that's called compatibilism. Even in the Atheistic hard deterministic model free-will is compatible, and Dennettt is a hard atheist. A militant atheist. So I first you just threw away that compatibilism is not logical, then you just made something up about Dennett, and now you just hand waved everything and resorted to some retort.

Anyway. Cheers.

The rest of your post is just rhetoric about fearing you which is just a pathetic statement to make, and I will leave you to it.

f our world is deterministic, then we function more like pseudo-random number generators than Geiger counter randomizers. In other words, if everything is predetermined, our life's "lottery tickets" were all drawn eons ago, sealed in envelopes, and distributed to us as needed throughout our lives. Some argue, "But that isn't fair! Some people will have been dealt more winners than others." While it's true that some individuals may receive better outcomes, luck tends to average out over time. "But if all the drawings take place before we are born, some people are destined to get more luck than others!"
The idea that the opportunities we perceive might only be illusory if determinism is true is not only metaphysically flawed but also politically and morally problematic. If real opportunities didn't exist, there would be no significant difference between someone deciding which prestigious university to attend and someone deciding whether to go to work in a factory. Pretending to question whether either individual has real opportunities is absurd—who wouldn't choose to trade places with the one considering Harvard, Stanford, or Swarthmore? We don't promote freedom by suggesting that the most important questions depend on the complex and uncertain implications of subatomic physics. The opportunities that matter to people are based on everyday aspects of their lives, and some people undeniably have more opportunities than others.

We can expect and should welcome challenges to the belief in free will, as we seek the truth. Incompatibilists, hard determinists, and other skeptics will undoubtedly develop new arguments to show that no one truly has free will, or that it would be impossible if they did. First, consider carefully which type of free will is supposedly threatened by the argument. Is this type of free will truly important? Reflect on whether you have any compelling reason to desire this type of freedom or to fear its absence. Would lacking this freedom really feel like being in prison or being a puppet? It might be that the argument only suggests we lack some metaphysical trait that is of little real significance. Worse, the desired freedom could be an incoherently conceived notion. Ask yourself: can you even imagine beings with freer wills than ours? What unfortunate aspects of our existence as physical beings do they avoid? If the ideal of freedom we aspire to is inherently contradictory, we shouldn't feel deprived when we learn we can't have it. There's no point in lamenting our inability to undo the past, prevent actual events, create ourselves from nothing, choose both options at a decision point, or be perfect.

This would still hold true even if we drew things on occasion during our lives. Even under a completely impartial and random system, it is unavoidable for certain people to receive more prizes than others. Even in a coin-toss competition that is fair, a winner will always be chosen. Even while the victor may not believe that their victory was their "destiny," winning still has benefits for them, and equality does not imply that everyone benefits equally.

In addition to being metaphysically problematic, the notion that opportunities we perceive may merely be illusory if determinism is real also raises ethical and political issues. There would be no discernible distinction between choosing to attend a great institution and choosing to work in a factory if there were no actual opportunities. It's ridiculous to act as though neither person has genuine opportunities—who wouldn't want to switch places with the person who is thinking about Swarthmore, Stanford, or Harvard? By implying that the most significant issues rely on the intricate and unknown consequences of subatomic physics, we do not advance freedom. People's opportunities are shaped by the daily experiences they have, and some people clearly have more opportunities than others.

As we search for the truth, we should expect and welcome challenges to the notion of free will. There will no certainly be additional arguments developed by incompatibilists, hard determinists, and other skeptics to demonstrate that no one genuinely possesses free will, or that it would be impossible if they did. First, carefully analyze which kind of free will the argument purports to threaten. Does this kind of free will really matter? Consider if there is a strong cause for you to dread losing this kind of independence or to want it. Would it really be like being a puppet or in prison to not have this freedom? Perhaps all the argument does is point out a small, insignificant metaphysical deficiency that we lack.

Even worse, the sought freedom could not even be a logical concept. Can you even conceive beings with more free will than we have? Which unpleasant aspects of our bodily existence do they steer clear of? If our desired level of freedom is intrinsically contradictory, we shouldn't sense deprivation when we discover we are unable to achieve it. We can't be perfect, stop actual events from happening, create ourselves from nothing, choose both possibilities when faced with a choice, or undo the past.

First premise: An action that is freely selected results from the agent's own goals, objectives, and drives.

For instance, Jane's decision to go for a run is influenced by her drive to exercise, her aim to keep healthy, and her willpower to see it through.

Second premise: An action is free if it is consistent with the agent's own goals, intents, and drives—even if these are influenced by past experiences.

Example: Although Jane's upbringing and prior experiences may have an impact on her desire to maintain her health, running is a free choice as long as it is something she chooses to do and isn't forced.

Premise 3: Determinism simply suggests that occurrences are created by earlier events in accordance with natural principles; it does not entail coercion or compulsion.

Example: Jane runs because she has decided to run, not because someone else makes her do so.

Premise 4: When an agent or outside force induces an action that goes against the agent's goals, intentions, or motivations, that action is referred to as coercion or compulsion.

An example of a non-free activity would be if Jane were to be physically forced to run against her choice.

Premise 5: An agent's acts are not forced or compelled if determinism is true and they are the product of their own goals, motivations, and desires—even if they are predetermined.

For instance, Jane's choice to flee was made freely because it was motivated by her own goals and was not coerced.

For this reason, determinism and free will are compatible.

Example: Free will can exist within a deterministic system, as demonstrated by Jane's freely decided action to run, which was driven by her internal motivations.

This argument demonstrates compatibilism's position that determinism and free will are not incompatible. If an action is motivated solely by the agent's own goals, intents, and desires and is not the result of external coercion or compulsion, it can still be free even when it is influenced by past events.

  1. P 1: If an action is freely chosen, it is caused by the agent's own desires, intentions, and motivations.
    • Example: If Jane chooses to go for a run, her choice is caused by her desire to stay healthy, her intention to exercise, and her motivation to follow through.
  2. P 2: An action can be considered free if it aligns with the agent's own desires, intentions, and motivations, even if these are determined by prior events.
    • Example: Jane’s desire to stay healthy might be influenced by her upbringing and past experiences, but as long as she runs because she wants to and not because she is coerced, her action is free.
  3. P 3: Determinism does not imply coercion or compulsion; it only implies that events are caused by preceding events according to natural laws.
    • Example: Jane is not forced to run by an external agent; her running is a result of her own determined desires.
  4. P: Coercion or compulsion occurs when an external force or agent causes an action contrary to the agent's desires, intentions, and motivations.
    • Example: If someone physically forces Jane to run against her will, this action is not free.
  5. P 5: If determinism is true, and if an agent’s actions are the result of their own desires, intentions, and motivations (even if these are determined), then their actions are not coerced or compelled.
    • Example: Jane’s decision to run, arising from her determined desires, is free because it is not coerced.
  6. Q: Therefore, determinism is compatible with free will.
    • Example: Jane’s freely chosen action to run, determined by her internal motivations, exemplifies that free will can exist in a deterministic framework.
This argument shows that compatibilism holds that free will and determinism are not mutually exclusive. An action can be determined by prior events and still be free if it is caused by the agent's own desires, intentions, and motivations, without coercion or compulsion from external forces.

So your claim that "no logical mind would think determinism is compatible with free-will". Now you say something about others fearing you.

).
 
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firedragon

Veteran Member
I'm not aware of anybody claiming that "knowledge becomes determinism."
That's exactly the claim I am refuting in the OP and in the chat.
Just Google "incompatibilist philosophers" and find out which are atheists. Here's one:
Mate. Both schools exist. In Atheism. Determinists and Compatibilists exist in both theism and atheism. But no one says that having knowledge of yesterday, today and tomorrow in a being is a projection of determinism on others. No Atheist scholar philosopher with astute training in philosophy would say that. That's why everyone is getting into some form of ad hominem or are avoiding the question.

Maybe you are a hard determinist. According to some of the most prolific Atheist philosophers determinism is inevitable in an Atheistic model. That does not and can never clash with the knowledge of a transcended being in a methodological discussion.

Cheers.
 

Koldo

Outstanding Member
There is no "atheistic" model of determinism. There is, however, Determinism - Wikipedia.

I hope we can agree on this?

The real question is, if determinism can be compatible with free will.
I don't think so, and I can't understand how any logically thinking being can argue otherwise.

(@Trailblazer obviously isn't a logically thinking being.)

Demanding an interlocutor read a (long, expensive) book, is probably the worst form of sealioning.
Do you want me gone because you have no arguments and you fear mine?
Or are you going to enter in a goodfaith debate, possibly by summarizing Dennett's arguments?
I revere Dennett, but his arguments have to stand on their own. Argumenta ad verecundiam don't help you.

Allow me to quickly explain then. Dennett is a compatibilist and he solves the compatibility problem by doing what compatibilists do best: providing a distinct definition for free will. To Dennett, free will is the freedom to make choices without duress, rather than freedom from the causal chain.
 
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