"Cannabis is
indigenous to Central and South Asia.
[158] Evidence of the inhalation of cannabis smoke can be found in the 3rd millennium BCE, as indicated by charred cannabis seeds found in a ritual
brazier at an ancient
burial site in present day Romania.
[159] In 2003, a leather basket filled with cannabis leaf fragments and seeds was found next to a 2,500- to 2,800-year-old
mummified shaman in the northwestern
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China.
[160][161]
Cannabis is also known to have been used by the ancient Hindus of India and Nepal thousands of years ago. The herb was called
ganjika in
Sanskrit (गांजा,
ganja in modern
Indo-Aryan languages).
[162][163] The ancient drug
soma, mentioned in the
Vedas, was sometimes associated with cannabis.
[164]
Cannabis was also known to the
ancient Assyrians, who discovered its psychoactive properties through the
Aryans.
[165] Using it in some religious ceremonies, they called it
qunubu (meaning "way to produce smoke"), a probable origin of the modern word "cannabis".
[166] Cannabis was also introduced by the Aryans to the
Scythians,
Thracians and
Dacians, whose
shamans (the
kapnobatai—"those who walk on smoke/clouds") burned cannabis flowers to induce a state of
trance.
[167]
Cannabis has an ancient history of ritual use and is found in
pharmacological cults around the world. Hemp seeds discovered by archaeologists at
Pazyryk suggest early ceremonial practices like eating by the Scythians occurred during the 5th to 2nd century BCE, confirming previous historical reports by
Herodotus.
[168] One writer has claimed that cannabis was used as a religious sacrament by ancient Jews and early Christians
[169][170] due to the similarity between the Hebrew word "
qannabbos" ("
cannabis") and the Hebrew phrase "
qené bósem" ("aromatic cane"). It was used by Muslims in various
Sufi orders as early as the
Mamluk period, for example by the
Qalandars.
[171]
A study published in the
South African Journal of Science showed that "pipes dug up from the garden of
Shakespeare's home in
Stratford-upon-Avon contain traces of cannabis."
[172] The chemical analysis was carried out after researchers hypothesized that the "noted weed" mentioned in
Sonnet 76 and the "journey in my head" from
Sonnet 27 could be references to cannabis and the use thereof.
[173] Examples of classic literature featuring cannabis include
Les paradis artificiels by
Charles Baudelaire and
The Hasheesh Eater by
Fitz Hugh Ludlow."
Cannabis sativa from
Vienna Dioscurides, 512 AD
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)#History