Part 2.
Violence is a fault from which no major religion has historically been free. St Patricks conversion of Ireland is sometimes given as a unique example of the conversion of a nation without the loss of a single life. It is one of the great scandals that so many persecutions have taken place in the name of Jesus.
This has been more or less true of all the great religions: human beings are the most savage of beasts, and they will kill each other in any cause, however noble.
Yet nowadays Islam is the only major religion in which violence is a serious doctrinal issue. It is true that tribalised Roman Catholics and Protestants in Ireland have only recently stopped killing each other and vengeful Sikhs assassinated Indira Gandhi in India, but neither the Catholic nor the Protestant churches believe in terror; nor do the Sikhs.
A significant proportion of the Islamic community does believe that suicide bombers are martyrs carrying out a religious duty. Suicide bombing causes Islamophobia. There are varying degrees of authority and uniformity in different religions; rather low in most cases. This pluralism has its own virtues, but in Islam they are outweighed by the disadvantages. Those imams who preach al-Qaedas view of the duty of jihad are not required to answer to any authority, even the authority of reason.
Islam has only partially experienced the modern process of enlightenment and reform, which was, after all, resisted by a number of pre-Vatican II Popes. Pope Benedict will have done Islam a service if he has started a debate within Islam and between Islam and the critics.
Spain, when they persecuted the Muslims and the Jews once they got the chance to role the country !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
?? From Wikipedia:-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_persecution_by_Muslims
The
Qur'an and
hadith serve as
Sunnah (Sunnah is what the Prophet said (i.e. Hadith), did, and approved of. It does not include the Qur'an. The Qur'an stands on its own - so 'Qur'an and Sunnah' is generally referenced), the model for conduct, for
Sunni and
Shi'a Muslims in all matters of life, and thus Muslims are compelled to consider the way these texts describe the historic treatment of non-Muslims, as their guidelines. This makes the authorised version of Muhammad's life, known as the
sirah, and the collection of his sayings - the hadith - of paramount importance, except for the minority of Muslims who reject Sunnah, and accept the
Qur'an alone.
A number of verses in the Qu'ran are viewed by some Muslims as calls to suppress things outside of Islam, in particular portraying certain groups as being disliked by God. Most Muslims see these verses as simply describing Allah's feelings toward non-believers, although a small minority view these as being a call to an anti-non-Muslim
jihad. The Qu'ran explicitly prohibits persecution, but a very few claim that the later appearance of the more antagonistic verses is an
abrogation of the former, implying God changed his mind.
Several sura present a less than positive picture of Judeo-Christian religions -
At-Tawba:30 states that their understandings of certain historical genealogies are inaccurate and
deluded. Sura 3:118 continues the theme claiming that such persons
desire to harm you severely and
hatred has already appeared from their mouths.
Some go further, reflecting Islamic views on the subject of religious
idols - Sura 9:5 explicitly states
slay the idolaters wherever ye find them. However, it goes on to say
if they repent and establish worship and pay the poor-due, then leave their way free.
Sahih Bukhari:5.59.522 however condones marriage between Muslim men and non-Muslim women, describing the marriage between Mohammed and Safiya bint Huyai bin Akhtaq, whose husband had been killed in a preceding battle.
Missionary activity was historically an important matter, and several
sura address the issue, in particular,
An-Nahl:125 -
Call to the way of your Lord with wisdom and fair admonition, and argue with them in the kindest way - and
Al Imran:20 -
If [non-Muslims] turn away, your duty is only to convey the Message - advocate gentle and non-violent discourse rather than forcing conversion. Indeed
Yunas:99 actively condemns forced conversion -
If it had been your Lord's will, all of the people on Earth would have believed. Would you then compel the people so to have them believe?
With regards to converts
from Islam, conservative interpretations read
Al Imran:85 -
Of such the reward is that on [apostates falls] the curse of Allah, of His angels, and of all mankind, and its more extensive counterpart in the Sunnah -
Sahih Bukhari:9.83.17 -
The blood of a Muslim ... cannot be shed except ... for ... one who reverts from Islam ... as supporting the death penalty, known as
murtadd. (A murtadd is an apostate, not the death penalty) However, unlike the holy books of many religions, the Qur'an contains an explicit instruction that people should not be forced to obey religious rule - one of the most celebrated passages amongst moderates and liberals is
al-Baqarah:256 -
Let there be no compulsion in religion