riverfox
A slave of Allah (swt)
And when the disciples said to Christ:
O our Lord teach us a prayer that pleases the Lord of the worlds. (1)
(wa idh kalal hawari'yoona lil-maseehi rabbana allimna salatan turdee
rabbal alameen)
He said, so lift your hearts toward heaven
and do not reiterate the words (do not be loquacious) like the hypocrites. (2)
(kala farfa'oo ilal alya'ee kuloobakum wala tukarrirul kalama
kalmunafikeen)
It is He who made of you spiritual children for Him
when He breathed into your chests granting you a spirit of your own
so devote yourselves to him with reverence. (3)
(huwal ladhi sawakumu bir-roohi abna'an lahoo idh nafakha min roohihi fi
sudoorikum roohan lakum faknutoo lahu khashi'een)
And address Him as children {do}. (4)
(wakhatiboohu kabaneen)
Our father who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name;
thy kingdom come; thy will be done, for ever and ever. (5)
(abanal ladhi fissamawati liyatakaddas'ismuka, liya'ti malakootuka,
litakun mashee'atuka, ila abadil abideen)
On earth as it is in heaven, at all times and all places. (6)
(kama fissama'ee kadhalika ala ardi fi kulli makanen wafi kulli heen)
O our Lord, our daily bread give us this day
and forgive us our trespasses, O the most merciful. (7)
(Rabbana khubzana kafafana a'tinal yawma waghfer lana dhunoobana
ya arhamar rahimeen.)
As we forgive all of those who trespass against us. (8)
(kama naghfiru nahnoo likulli man kanoo bihakkina mukhti'een)
Our Lord, and lead us not into temptation;
Against the devil thine aid we truly seek. (9)
(Rabbana wala tudkhilna fi tajrubaten inna alashirriri bika nasta'een)
- From Surat Ad-Du'a ("The Prayer")
For you.
I can see some harakat vowel markers (or are they tashkil?)... don't forget the vowels were added after in Arabic script, as were the dots.
"Early manuscripts of the Qurʾan did not use diacritics either for vowels or to distinguish the different values of the rasm. Vowels pointing was introduced first, as a red dot placed above, below, or beside the rasm, and later consonant pointing was introduced, as thin, short black single or multiple dashes placed above or below the rasm. These iʿjam became black dots about the same time as the harakat became small black letters or strokes." - From Arabic diacritics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Can you guess which one it is without markers? Or even read it correctly?
So, if this was the case, then wouldn't the Qur'an also fail? Surely you can't be implying that!!
A harkat is a sign placed above or below the letter to the Arabic letter ti clarify the pronunciation of the letter.harakats wasn't used in Arabic language in the pre-Islamic era.
Whenever the Prophet received a revelation, he would first memorize it himself and later declare the revelation and instruct his Companions (R.A. Radhi Allahu Taala Anhu) May Allah be pleased with him who would also memorize it. The Prophet would immediately ask the scribes to write down the revelation he had received, and he would reconfirm and recheck it himself. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was an Ummi who could not read and write. Therefore, after receiving each revelation, he would repeat it to his Companions. They would write down the revelation, and he would recheck by asking them to read what they had written. If there was any mistake, the Prophet would immediately point it out and have it corrected and rechecked. Similarly he would even recheck and authenticate the portions of the Quran memorized by the Companions. In this way, the complete Quran was written down under the personal supervision of the prophet (pbuh).
The complete Quran was revealed over a period of 22½ years portion by portion, as and when it was required. The Quran was not compiled by the Prophet in the chronological order of revelation. The order and sequence of the Quran too was Divinely inspired and was instructed to the Prophet by Allah (swt) through archangel Jibraeel. Whenever a revelation was conveyed to his companions, the Prophet would also mention in which surah (chapter) and after which ayat (verse) this new revelation should fit.
Every Ramadhaan all the portions of the Quran that had been revealed, including the order of the verses, were revised and reconfirmed by the Prophet with archangel Jibraeel. During the last Ramadhaan, before the demise of the Prophet, the Quran was rechecked and reconfirmed twice.
It is therefore clearly evident that the Quran was compiled and authenticated by the Prophet himself during his lifetime, both in the written form as well as in the memory of several of his Companions,Who devised a method to transcribe correct pronunciation and reading .
From wikipeadia:
History of harakat
According to tradition, the first to commission a system of harakat was Muawiyah I of the Umayyad dynasty, when he ordered Ziad Ibn Abih, his wāli in Basra (governed 664-673), to find someone to who would devise a method to transcribe correct reading. Ziad Ibn Abih, in turn, appointed Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali for the task. Abu al-Aswad devised a system of dots to signal the three short vowels (along with their respective allophones) of Arabic. This system of dots predates the i'jam, dots used to distinguish between different consonants.
Evolution of early Arabic calligraphy (9th - 11th century). The Basmala was taken as an example, from kufic Quran manuscripts. (1) Early 9th century. script with no dots or diacritic marks [1]; (2) and (3)9th - 10th century under Abbasid dynasty, the Abu al-Aswad's system establish red dots with each arrangement or position indicating a different short vowel. Later, a second black dots system was used to differentiate between letters like "fāʼ" and "qāf" [2] [3]; (4) 11th century, In Al Farāhídi's system (system we know today) dots were changed into shapes resembling the letters to transcribe the corresponding long vowels [4].
Abu al-Aswad's system
Abu al-Aswad's system of Harakat was different from the system we know today. The system used red dots with each arrangement or position indicating a different short vowel. A dot above a letter indicated the vowel "a", a dot below indicated the vowel "i", a dot on the side of a letter stood for the vowel "u", and two dots stood for the tanwin. However, the early manuscripts of the Qur'an did not use the vowel signs for every letter requiring them, but only for letters where they were necessary for a correct reading.
Al Farāhídi's system
This is the precursor to the system we know today. Al Farāhídi found that the task of writing using two different colours was tedious and impractical. Another complication was that the i'jam had been introduced by then, which, while they were short strokes rather than the round dots seen today, meant that without a color distinction the two could become confused. Accordingly he changed the harakat into shapes resembling the letters used to transcribe the corresponding long vowels. His system evolved to the system we know today