Firedragon, Sanskrit pronunciations also differ in different regions. 'Gyan' (Delhi), 'Nyana' (Thamiz) is an example. People pronounce words in their own way. One more reason is that even the original Vedic pronunciation also has been lost for some words. ॡ (
ḹ) or ञ ña [ɲ] are examples.
Most North Indians cannot pronounce 'Kazhagam' correctly, however hard they may try, because their languages do not have that sound. Well, I am no linguist, but I have observed and listened to people. My sister-in-law is from a Tamil brahmin family.
"How in the world do you write a long vowel in English?"
This is how it should be written: 'vyavahAra' in Harvard-Kyoto (ASCII) and 'vyavahāra' in Diacritic.
An original long vowel lost to coalescence is sometimes marked with a double
avagraha: सदाऽऽत्मा
sadā'tmā ( ← सदा
sadā + आत्मा
ātmā) "always, the self"
Linguists have devised ways to represent sounds.
"By the way, I didn't know Ganesha was called Ek Danta. Why is that?"
Now that is a funny mythological story. VedaVyasa wanted to write SrimadBhagawatham (South Indian pronunciation) SrimadBhagawat (North Indian pronunciation), but he needed a scribe who could write fast. Ganesha offered his services on the condition that VedaVyasa should not stop his dictation. VedaVyasa put his own condition that Ganesha should write only after he understood the verse.
Ganesha, then broke one of his teeth and used the ocean as ink, but VedaVyasa inserted a difficult verse (Klishta Shloka) every now and then, to stop Ganesha in his writing while he, VedaVyasa, could gather his thought about what to write.
"Eka Danta"
See, the tip of one of his teeth is broken. That is how Ganesha is always depicted.