The
al-Anfal Campaign (
Arabic: حملة الأنفال), also known as the
Kurdish Genocide,
[4] Operation Anfal or simply
Anfal, was a
genocidal[5] campaign against the
Kurdish people (and other non-Arab populations) in northern Iraq, led by the
Ba'athist Iraqi President
Saddam Hussein and headed by
Ali Hassan al-Majid in the final stages of
Iran–Iraq War. The campaign takes its name from
Surat al-Anfal in the
Qur'an, which was used as a
code name by the former Iraqi
Baathist government for a series of systematic attacks against the
Kurdish population of northern Iraq, conducted between 1986 and 1989 and culminating in 1988. The campaign also targeted other minority communities in Iraq including
Assyrians,
Shabaks,
Iraqi Turkmens,
Yazidis,
Jews,
Mandeans, and many villages belonging to these ethnic groups were also destroyed.
[6]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Anfal_Campaign
The other example I had in mind isn't so much a genocide, as it is forced removal due to small uprisings. In return:
1993
"The encirclement and destruction of the Marsh Arabs and the annihilation of their 5,000-year-old culture have been brought about by the deliberate draining of their unique habitat - the 6,000-square-mile marshes of southern Iraq. This environmental and human disaster has been long in the planning. The Iraqi regime continues to deny it. It claims the draining is part of an agricultural improvement plan which will benefit the people of the region.
Documents captured during the Kurdish uprising show that President Saddam approved the plan for the marshes in December 1988. Burning, terror, murder and starvation of the marsh people, poisoning the water, economic blockade and damming the rivers - were all part of the plan. When the Shia revolt had been crushed in the cities, President Saddam turned his fury against the people in the marshes.
According to the Iraqi army, in December 1991 and January 1992 over 70 marsh villages were destroyed and 50,000 people removed. The assault continued throughout 1992. There are records of attacks almost every day. Huge tracts of the marshes were drained by using earth barriers to block the tributaries of the Tigris which feed the Amara marshes and by damming the Euphrates below Nasiriyah."
Of course, Britain drew up many of the modern borders, and it was done so in a way so that each country would contain multiple parties who were not on friendly terms at any point.