There have been many good points made in these posts e.g. it is true that men were created " a living soul". Most references to men as "soul" refer to the whole being of man. So it is more proper to view a person as a immaterial soul possessing a physical body. But that there is a "dualism" can be confirmed in places such as Matt.10:28 "Do not fear those who kill the body but are unable to kill the soul; but rather fear Him who is able to destroy both soul and body in hell." BTW "destroy" here (as well as Jn.3:15-16) is apollumi "The idea is not extinction but ruin, loss, not of being but of well-being". "The loss of well-being in the case of the unsaved hereafter" 3c Strong's Exhaustive Concordance see also TDNT-1:394, 67, BAGD-95a, THAYER-64c.
Matt 10:28 is not speaking about the duality of man. It is speaking about man's life as a soul. Death does not mean that the soul (the whole person) cannot live again. Resurrection, as taught in the Bible is God's ability to restore life. All the resurrections that were performed in the Bible were a restoration of the life that person had before...in the flesh. If those people were spirits in heaven, why would they have been extracted from that blissful place, back to a hard life on earth, only to die again? Where was Jesus' friend Lazarus before Jesus raised him up? Where did Jesus say he was? (John 11:11-14) What hope did Lazarus' sister hold out for him? (John 11:23, 24)
What Jesus said was that we need not fear man who can only take our present life....we should be in fear of the one who may destroy that soul by not restoring their life in the resurrection...leaving the wicked in eternal death.
You state: "But the ancient Jews did not beliebve(sic) in an immortal soul, so there can be no consciousness in death." To assert that because the "ancient Jews did not believe" as an example of your final authority does not speak well of your foundation for the "ancient Jews" were notoriously an unbelieving people o God's revelation.
You miss the point. It wasn't the Jews who invented the concept of the mortal soul. This is what was taught in their scriptures.....the ones provided by their God. This has nothing to do with their disobedience to God's laws. Belief in an immortal part of man that separates from the body at death is not biblical. The Jews never believed they had a separate part of themselves that separated from the body at death. Even before the nation formed and received God's laws, they still believed in the mortality of the soul. Even the suffering Job referred to the resurrection. Sheol was the grave.
Job 14:13-15...
“I wish you would hide me in Sh’ol, conceal me until your anger has passed, then fix a time and remember me! If a man dies, will he live again? I will wait all the days of my life for my change to come. You will call, and I will answer you; you will long to see what you made again." (Job 14:13-15 CJB) Job wasn't talking about being a spirit in heaven...he was talking about being restored to human life on earth. This is what Jews believed.
You may question: "Why does God need to keep the wicked alive only to torture them forever. This is not the conduct of a loving God. And the punishment does not fit the crime. The whole idea is contrary to God's perfect justice." But if you would have addressed the Scriptures I referenced instead of fleeing to Old Testament texts you could not avoid the clear admonition of our Lord Jesus Christ in Matt.25:31-46. "These will go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life.” v.46
I have already addressed this...the "everlasting punishment" is nothing more than everlasting death. There is no immortal soul, so staying dead is punishment enough. Why make the Creator into a fiend who enjoys torturing the wicked? He has no need of them, so he simply does not restore their life.
Matt.3:12 "His winnowing fork is in His hand, and He will thoroughly clear His threshing floor; and He will gather His wheat into the barn, but He will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire.”
The "unquenchable fire" is "Gehenna" not Sheol or its Greek equivalent, "hades".
Gehenna was used in the scriptures to denote everlasting death. Fire destroys.....just as Jesus said. The Jews understood the symbolism of "Gehenna". It isn't Christendom's "hell".
Matt.13:41-42, 49-50 "The Son of Man will send forth His angels, and they will gather out of His kingdom all stumbling blocks, and those who commit lawlessness,42 and will throw them into the furnace of fire; in that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.49 So it will be at end of the age; the angels will come forth and take out the wicked from among the righteous,50 and will throw them into the furnace of fire; in that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth. (ongoing conscious punishment)
Rev.21 "5 And He who sits on the throne said, “Behold, I am making all things new.” And He said, “Write, for these words are faithful and true.”6 Then He said to me It is done. I am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end. I will give to the one who thirsts from the spring of the water of life without cost. 7 He who overcomes will inherit these things, and I will be his God and he will be My son. 8 But for the cowardly and unbelieving and abominable and murderers and immoral persons and sorcerers and idolaters and all liars, their part will be in the lake that burns with fire and brimstone, which is the second death.” (The second death is the ongoing, conscious punishment for unredeemed sinners separated from the presence of God and the redeemed) My definition of death has scriptural warrant.
Can you see from the context in Matt 13, when this takes place? "The end of the age" is when the gathering of the lawless ones takes place. Like the parable of the "sheep and the goats"...the goats are consigned to the place "reserved for the devil and his angels"....."the lake of fire". (Matt 25:31-33, 41; Rev 20:7-10) This too is a symbolic place.....fire destroys...it does not "torment" in the sense that many want to think it does. This place is called "the second death"...why? Because, unlike the first death, no one comes back from this place.
The word "torment" was associated with jailers who continually tormented their prisoners. The torment spoken about could well mean the torment of ones who realize that they will forever remain imprisoned in death.
When a man is on death row, when does the weeping and gnashing of his teeth take place? Before or after the sentence is carried out? You can't torture a dead person. Death IS the punishment. Knowing that death will end their lives permanently, would torment anyone. The wicked will know at the judgment that this will be their fate. Even those who consider themselves to be good Christians will not be spared from this ultimate rejection. (Matt 7:21-23)
You state: "Solomon said that humans have no advantage over animals when it comes to dying. (Eccl 3:19, 20) That is true when your worldview is the one Solomon is presenting in this book as the common one espoused by mankind alienated from God. The theme of this book is repeatedly stated for instance: Eccl.1:1 "Vanity of vanities,” says the Preacher, “Vanity of vanities! All is vanity.” and "14 I have seen all the works which have been done under the sun, and behold, all is vanity and striving after wind." The Futility of All Endeavor, The Futility of Wisdom, The Futility of Pleasure and Possessions,The Futility of Labor,The Folly of Riches . All is vane and futile resulting in skepticism, cynicism and hedonism if your hope is only in this life (under the sun). Eccl.6:11 "For there are many words which increase futility. What then is the advantage to a man? 12 For who knows what is good for a man during his lifetime, during the few years of his futile life? He will spend them like a shadow. For who can tell a man what will be after him under the sun?" After the Preacher - Solomon - discourses over 12 chapters describing the futility of a earthly focused life resulting in despair, to all to whom this sermon applies, he gives his verdict and his remedy - "12:13 The conclusion, when all has been heard, is: fear God and keep His commandments, because this applies to every person. 14 For God will bring every act to judgment, everything which is hidden, whether it is good or evil."
Solomon's commentary on the futility of life in a world of trouble is as true today as it was back then.
So those who "fear God and keep his commandments" will fare well. Those who practice what is bad, knowing full well that this is condemned in God's word, will pay the penalty. Since God is the judge, no one will 'get away with' anything.
God's justice is perfect.
Ironically, Solomon himself fell victim to disobeying his own words. He died as a disobedient sinner. Disobeying his God, he allowed the beauty of women to undo his resolve to continue to obey the God who gave him his wisdom. He married many foreign women who worshipped false gods and these in time, undermined his faith.
Now I ask you again. If, as you assert, "There is no teaching of an immortal soul in the Bible." How do you respond to the vast amount of Biblical evidence to the contrary? No matter how one defines the intermediate state between physical death and the bodily resurrection e.g. the rich man and Lazarus prior to the resurrection of Christ,
The rich man and Lazarus is a parable......not a real scenario. Heaven and hell would hardly be within view and speaking distance to each other. A drop of water on the finger of a man could hardly quench another's thirst in a fire. Jesus was speaking about the Pharisees and the poor "lost sheep of the house of Israel" who swapped places when the "beggars" accepted the Messiah but the Pharisees didn't. Their torment was in Jesus' exposing them for the hypocrites they were pretending not to be.
and for Christians subsequent to the resurrection of Christ as immediate. (2Cor.5:6 "Therefore, being always of good courage, and knowing that while we are at home in the body we are absent from the Lord 7 for we walk by faith not by sight 8 we are of good courage, I say, and prefer rather to be absent from the body and to be at home with the Lord."
There is no waiting time for Christians at death to be "present with the Lord". And there is no Scriptural warrant for a "special class" of 144,000 to experience His presence at death or at His coming.
Paul's words in 2 Cor 5:6 indicate the condition that all anointed Christians looked forward to. Those with the "heavenly calling" will all rule with Christ in heaven as "kings and priests" (Heb 3:1; Rev 20:6) Since John said that the kingdom will rule mankind, it is apparent that not all can go to heaven. Over whom do the "joint-heirs" of Jesus rule? For whom do they act as priests? Those who go to heaven are made perfect, leaving their sinful bodies behind in the grave. Kings do not rule each other and priests need sinner for whom to perform their priestly duties. So who is it that these ones rule?
1 Cor.15:50 Now I say this, brethren, that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God; nor does the perishable inherit the imperishable. 51 Behold, I tell you a mystery; we will not all sleep, but we will all be changed, 52 in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet; for the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed. 53 For this perishable must put on the imperishable, and this mortal must put on immortality. 54 But when this perishable will have put on the imperishable, and this mortal will have put on immortality, then will come about the saying that is written, “Death is swallowed up in victory. 55 O death, where is your victory? O death, where is your sting?” 56 The sting of death is sin, and the power of sin is the law; 57 but thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.
When does this take place? Who is it that have been "sleeping" up until the last trumpet sounds? That is when the heavenly resurrection takes place. It is "the first resurrection".
In the preceding verses in 1 Cor 15, Paul says....(verses 20-23)...
"But now Christ has been raised from the dead, the first fruits of those who are asleep. For since by a man came death, by a man also came the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ all will be made alive. But each in his own order: Christ the first fruits, after that those who are Christ’s at His coming" (NASB)
What is the timeframe for this resurrection to take place? When does Christ "come" to take his disciples "home"?
Christ was the "firstfruits" of those who slept in death. Apart from fleshly resurrections, the Bible speaks about Jesus being the only one who was raised to life "in the spirit" up to that time.
Paul says that those who are part of the "first resurrection" do not experience their resurrection until his 'coming'. That those "sleeping in death" who are of the "chosen ones", (elect) will rise "first". Thereafter, those with the heavenly calling do not need to "sleep" but are instantly transformed when death occurs. (1 Thess 4:13-17)
By accepting that humans have an immortal soul, you negate the whole teaching about the resurrection.