I would love to hear the proper context & full explination myself Kathryn.
I hope you will come back and post again.
I have always wondered about this, even as a traditional christian,
how christians rationalized away this teaching.
(as I have always seen it)
First - context:
Keep in mind that the bible verses on this topic address TWO PEOPLE OF THE SAME FAITH (either Judaism or Christianity) except for the verses in 1 Corinthians 7 (more on that later). So for people of other faiths, the verses really don't apply.
Let's take a look at some verses and apply the idea of context - which is SO IMPORTANT when studying scripture to understand doctrine:
In the Old Testament, (Deuterotomy) Moses gives guidelines to a pre-existing practice of divorce. In Matthew, Jesus said that Moses allowed divorce because of the hardness of men's hearts. Anyway, Moses isn't professing to state the grounds for divorce, but simply accepting it as an existing fact. He does, however, give two examples of when divorce is NOT allowed - when a man has falsely accused his wife of premarital unfaithfulness, and when a man has had relations with a girl he's not married to, and her father commands him to marry her.
On two exceptional cases in the OT, divorce was actually COMMANDED. This was when the returned exiled Jews had married pagan wives.
On to the New Testament:
Here are some of the verses Christians apply to divorce and remarriage - and let's look at context again:
Matthew 5:32
32(
A)but I say to you that everyone who divorces his wife, except for the reason of unchastity, makes her commit adultery; and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery.
Wow, sounds pretty cut and dried, right? But what's the context?
This verse is from the Sermon on the Mount. Here are the verses immediately BEFORE the verse on divorce:
29"(
AM.com)If your right eye makes you stumble, tear it out and throw it from you; for it is better for you to lose one of the parts of your body, than for your whole body to be thrown into (
an.)hell.
30"(
Alpha Omega Computer Systems, Inc.)If your right hand makes you stumble, cut it off and throw it from you; for it is better for you to lose one of the parts of your body, than for your whole body to go into (
AP: High Performance Audio Analyzer & Audio Test Instruments)hell.
Hmmmm, does Jesus REALLY MEAN these words LITERALLY? No, of course not. In fact, the Sermon on the Mount is all about the SPIRIT of the Law and not the LETTER of the Law - the irony of this is that Jesus' sermon there was all about freeing people from LEGALISM and confronting them with the MEANING of the law. His challenge in this whole beautiful chapter is for us to live the SPIRIT of the law.
And yet, well meaning Christians who so often understand that Jesus isn't speaking literally in the verses just before the one on divorce, or the ones just after (walk two miles with your brother if he asks you to walk one, offer no resistance to one who is evil, if someone asks you for your shirt, give him your shirt and your coat, etc etc) - suddenly shift gears and insist on the LITERAL interpretation of that ONE verse.
That's inconsistent.
I believe that in that passage, Jesus is talking about ATTITUDES. That we cannot treat marriage, or anger, or lust, or the needs of others, legalistically - we must be sure our MOTIVES and hearts are pure.
Now on to Matthew 19:
1(
A)When Jesus had finished these words, He departed from Galilee and (
B)came into the region of Judea beyond the Jordan;
2and large crowds followed Him, and (
C)He healed them there.
3Some Pharisees came to Jesus, testing Him and asking, "(
D)Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any reason at all?"
4And He answered and said, "Have you not read (
E)that He who created them from the beginning MADE THEM MALE AND FEMALE,
5and said, '(
F)FOR THIS REASON A MAN SHALL LEAVE HIS FATHER AND MOTHER AND BE JOINED TO HIS WIFE, AND (
G)THE TWO SHALL BECOME ONE FLESH'?
6"So they are no longer two, but one flesh.
What therefore God has joined together, let no man separate."
7They said to Him, "(
H)Why then did Moses command to GIVE HER A CERTIFICATE OF DIVORCE AND SEND her AWAY?"
8He said to them, "Because of your hardness of heart Moses permitted you to divorce your wives; but from the beginning it has not been this way.
9"And I say to you, (
I)whoever divorces his wife, except for immorality, and marries another woman commits adultery."
10The disciples said to Him, "If the relationship of the man with his wife is like this, it is better not to marry."
11But He said to them, "(
J)
Not all men can accept this statement, but (K)only those to whom it has been given. 12"For there are eunuchs who were born that way from their mother's womb; and there are eunuchs who were made eunuchs by men; and there are also eunuchs who made themselves eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven.
He who is able to accept this, let him accept it."
The context, once again - is legalism. The Pharisees were trying to trip Jesus up. But this passage has a lot of interesting nuances to it.
First of all, I don't assume that GOD put together all marriages. Some marriages I can almost assure you God did NOT think were a good idea!
Secondly, there is the clause about adultery/immorality - even if one wants to be legalistic, there's that "out" given.
Finally, Jesus does state that not all men can accept this teaching. That's open to interpretation, but it does loosen the meaning a bit to me. And once again - Jesus is focusing in on the SPIRT of the law and not the LETTER of the law.
Mark 10 is another rendition of this event. It is generally accepted that the version in Matthew is more complete - there is no contradiction between the two passages. The account in Matthew just gives more detail.
Luke 16 is another interesting passage about a LOT of topics, and if you read it in context once again it is about attitude and spirit as opposed to legalism. The legalistic Pharisees are standing over to the side, listening to Jesus tell parables. They begin sneering at Jesus and He turns to them and says, "You justify yourselves in the sight of others, but God knows your hearts." The Pharisees had been twisting the Law to justify all sorts of things, including frivolous divorce - which was a big topic at the time. Jesus knows this and uses that particular hypocricy as a GENERAL EXAMPLE in this ONE small verse (the only verse in the entire chapter that even touches on marriage or divorce):
18"(
R)Everyone who divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery, and he who marries one who is divorced from a husband commits adultery.
The very fact that He did NOT include the option of divorce in the case of unfaithfulness is because that was a GIVEN - He didn't intend this ONE verse to be a full expansive teaching on marriage and divorce. He was merely using that situation as an
example of the bad teachings of the Pharisees, because they had been guilty of stretching the PRINCIPLES of the law into convoluted legalistic teachings.
Now we move on to Paul's teachings. The most comprehensive chapter specifically dealing with marriage, divorce and remarriage is 1 Corinthians 7. Paul is speaking to the early church in Corinth. This was a very diverse congregation made up of Jews and Gentiles, with many ex-pagans in attendance. There were many wealthy members, who worshipped alongside house servants and merchants. As you can imagine, there were lots of different forms of marriages in which people came into this community (I know, that's bad grammar but you know what I mean).